| SECTION 2 - Copyright Licensing Agencies. Collective Rights Organizations Clearance Center (CCC) . The CCC now offers an experimental electronic permission service and a electronic permission service and a well-established photocopy based academic permission service. VERDI (Very Extensive Rights Data Information) which is financed by the EU links together the services of existing multimedia rights clearance systems in Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Spain. CLARA , a Web site organized by 5 Norwegian copyright collectives, since November 12, 1998 , informs users of their rights and rights clearances of all types of copyright materials including use in multimedia productions. CLA: 1982. CLA : The Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd. was established by the 1977 Whitford Report on the law of copyright and designs. It is actively pursuing a program to license the digitization of existing print material, and the subsequent use of the digitized version. At present there are no plans to license the exploitation of material published electronically. CLA (Copyright Licensing Agency) UK-based, on February 26, 1999 , launched its first digital licensing scheme for print test. It offers a license for the creation, storage and exploitation of digital versions of existing print works in its repertoire. The first electronic licenses were offered to the higher education CANCOPY : Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency, was established by a number of Canada 's writer and publisher associations in 1988 when changes to the Canadian Copyright Act made the collective administration of reproduction rights possible. CANCOPY has begun to license electronic rights in some circumstances. At present, because of the wide variety of electronic uses, most of this licensing is cleared with individual rights holders on a case-by-case basis using their own specified terms and conditions. KOPINOR : 1980. In 1974, Swedish authors and publishers signed an agreement with the Ministry of Education on remuneration for reprographic reproduction in schools, and the Norwegian Authors Association and the Norwegian Publishers' Association wrote a letter to the Ministry of Education demanding a similar solution. The general licenses allow the use of digital copiers and thereby storage of digital copies, reproduction by fax etc., but do not allow digital copies to distributed to the end-user. They have been authorized by Norwegian rights holders to license certain digital copying for internal, institutional uses (electronic archives and information systems), but cannot yet get authorizations from abroad for foreign works. References CCC: www.copyright.com CANCOPY: www.cancopy.ca CLA: www.cla.co.uk Kopinor: www.kopinor.no Http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/copyrightlaw/collect.html http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/tec up/Verdi.htm http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/permissn.htm
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